{"id":7994,"date":"2023-02-05T00:25:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T00:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/euseguros.pt\/?p=7994"},"modified":"2023-02-05T00:32:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-05T00:32:10","slug":"main-economics-theorems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/en\/main-economics-theorems\/","title":{"rendered":"Main Economics Theorems"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Advanced Economics Theorems
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Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem:<\/strong> states that it is impossible to design a fair and efficient voting system that satisfies certain basic criteria.<\/p>\n

Aumann’s Agreement Theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, two Bayesian rational agents with common prior beliefs cannot agree to disagree.<\/p>\n

Bishop\u2013Cannings theorem:<\/strong> states that any uncorrelated random process can be modeled as a moving average of a white noise process.<\/p>\n

Bondareva\u2013Shapley theorem:<\/strong> characterizes the core of a cooperative game, which is the set of feasible payoffs that cannot be improved upon by a subset of the players.<\/p>\n

Coase Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a situation where private property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are low, the allocation of resources will be efficient regardless of the initial distribution of property rights.<\/p>\n

Debreu Theorems:<\/strong> several theorems in mathematical economics, named after Gerard Debreu, that provide a rigorous foundation for the theory of general equilibrium.<\/p>\n

Dorfman\u2013Steiner theorem:<\/strong> states that in a cooperative game, the optimal solution is to divide the total surplus among the players in proportion to their marginal contributions to the game.<\/p>\n

Duggan\u2013Schwartz theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, market-clearing prices and a welfare-maximizing allocation will coincide.<\/p>\n

Edgeworth’s Limit Theorem:<\/strong> states that in an exchange economy, the limit of the sequence of Walrasian equilibria approaches Pareto efficiency.<\/p>\n

Efficient Envy-Free Division:<\/strong> refers to a way of dividing a resource among multiple individuals in a fair and efficient manner, such that no one envies any other person’s share.<\/p>\n

Envelope Theorem:<\/strong> states that the change in the value of an optimization problem’s objective function is equal to the change in the value of the corresponding Lagrangian multiplier.<\/p>\n

Factor Price Equalization:<\/strong> states that in a perfectly competitive global market, the price of any factor of production (such as labor or capital) will equalize across countries.<\/p>\n

Fisher Separation Theorem:<\/strong> states that a firm can separate ownership from management by offering shares of stock to investors.<\/p>\n

Frisch\u2013Waugh\u2013Lovell theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, the coefficients in a multiple regression model can be obtained by regressing the dependent variable on the residuals from a previous regression.<\/p>\n

Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics:<\/strong> provide conditions under which a market economy will lead to a Pareto efficient allocation of resources, and conditions under which government intervention can improve upon the market allocation.<\/p>\n

Gibbard\u2013Satterthwaite theorem:<\/strong> states that in a voting system, it is impossible to design a system that is both strategy-proof and Pareto efficient.<\/p>\n

Gibbard’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a voting system, it is impossible to design a system that is both strategy-proof and allows for more than three alternatives.<\/p>\n

Heckscher\u2013Ohlin theorem:<\/strong> states that a country will export the goods that it can produce most efficiently, and import the goods that it produces less efficiently.<\/p>\n

Henry George Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a model of economic growth, the tax revenue generated by land will eventually equal the rental value of the land.<\/p>\n

Holmstr\u00f6m’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a principal-agent problem, the optimal contract will make the agent’s effort dependent on their own performance, but not on their ability or the performance of other agents.<\/p>\n

Intensity of Preference: r<\/strong>efers to the degree of preference or attachment an individual has for a certain good or outcome.<\/p>\n

Kuhn’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a non-cooperative game, any solution that is obtained through a sequence of best responses will be a Nash equilibrium.<\/p>\n

Lerner Symmetry Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a market with perfectly competitive firms, the market demand curve is identical to the average cost curve.<\/p>\n

Liberal Paradox:<\/strong> states that in a liberal democracy, individual freedom and equality can be in conflict with one another.<\/p>\n

Modigliani\u2013Miller theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, the total market value of a firm is independent of its financing structure (debt versus equity).<\/p>\n

Moving Equilibrium Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a market with prices that are determined endogenously, a change in demand will cause the market to move to a new equilibrium.<\/p>\n

Mutual Fund Separation Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a market with well-diversified investors, the market portfolio will be efficient and the prices of individual assets will reflect their risk.<\/p>\n

Nakamura Number:<\/strong> refers to the maximum number of players in a cooperative game that can form a coalition.<\/p>\n

No-trade Theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, there will be no trade between two countries, even if they have different endowments and production technologies.<\/p>\n

Okishio’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a competitive market, an increase in productivity will lead to an increase in real wages.<\/p>\n

Roy’s Identity:<\/strong> states that the wage rate and the reservation wage of a worker are equal.<\/p>\n

Rybczynski theorem:<\/strong> states that an increase in the endowment of one factor of production will lead to an increase in the output of the good that uses that factor intensively.<\/p>\n

Shephard’s Lemma:<\/strong> states that the optimal production plan for a firm can be obtained by equating the marginal rate of substitution between inputs with the relative prices of inputs.<\/p>\n

Sonnenschein\u2013Mantel\u2013Debreu theorem:<\/strong> states that in a market with a large number of agents, the aggregate demand function will be smooth, regardless of the distribution of individual demands.<\/p>\n

Stolper\u2013Samuelson theorem:<\/strong> states that an increase in the price of a good will raise the real income of the factor of production that is intensively used in the production of that good.<\/p>\n

Topkis’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a partially ordered set, the highest (or lowest) element of the set that is dominated (or dominating) by a given element can be found by comparing the element to the minimal (or maximal) elements of the set.<\/p>\n

Uzawa’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that under certain conditions, a change in the endowment of one factor of production will have a positive effect on the output of all goods.<\/p>\n

Weller’s Theorem:<\/strong> states that in a cooperative game, the value of the game is equal to the sum of the values of its subgames.<\/p>\n

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The following list summarizes main Advanced Economics Theorems. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[152],"tags":[406],"yoast_head":"\nMain Economics Theorems - EU Seguros<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The following list summarizes main Advanced Economics Theorems.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/en\/main-economics-theorems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Main Economics Theorems - EU Seguros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The following list summarizes main Advanced Economics Theorems.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/en\/main-economics-theorems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EU Seguros\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/eusegurosportugal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-05T00:25:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-05T00:32:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/laibson.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"794\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Diogo Marques\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Diogo Marques\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Diogo Marques\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/#\/schema\/person\/30c0ea90a3f6e1b6b82bfa54d4fb7a57\"},\"headline\":\"Main Economics Theorems\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-05T00:25:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-05T00:32:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/\"},\"wordCount\":1292,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"economics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"economics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/euseguros.pt\/main-economics-theorems\/\",\"name\":\"Main Economics Theorems - 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